The Israeli people primarily consist of Jewish and Arab populations living in the State of Israel, a democratic nation established in 1948 in the Middle East. As of 2025, Israel's population exceeds 10 million, with approximately 78.5% identifying as Jewish and about 21.5% as Arabs, including Muslims, Christians, Druze, and other minorities[1][2]. The Jewish community is diverse, comprising descendants of immigrants from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, reflecting a rich cultural and ethnic mosaic[2]. Israeli society is marked by a high fertility rate relative to other developed countries, with Israeli women averaging about 2.85 children, contributing to steady population growth alongside immigration and increased life expectancy[3]. The population is relatively young, with over a quarter under 14 years old, although significant regional and religious demographic variations exist[3]. Israelis have played significant roles in various fields, notably in technology, agriculture, medicine, and defense, positioning Israel as a leader in innovation and a key player in Middle Eastern geopolitics. The influx of Jewish immigrants, especially from the former Soviet Union, has notably bolstered economic development. Israel's population growth and demographic changes have also influenced its social and political landscape amid ongoing regional conflicts and peace efforts[3][4]. Recent events, such as the 2024 October 7th attacks and subsequent war, have affected demographic trends, including a rare negative migration balance in 2024[4]. Despite challenges, Israel continues to grow and evolve, balancing its unique identity as a Jewish and democratic state with the complexities of a diverse society and regional dynamics[1][4][5]. Administratively, Israel is divided into six main districts, with significant populations in cities like Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Beersheba, each reflecting the country's ethnic and religious diversity[6]. Overall, Israelis today represent a dynamic population shaped by history, migration, and contemporary geopolitical realities.
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The Israeli people are demanding an end to the ongoing conflict with Gaza, as the government plans to expand the war despite widespread opposition. The impact on daily life and mental health is taking a toll on the population.